Constitution Day

The Constitution of May 3, 1791 was adopted by the Great Sejm (parliament) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It introduced political reforms including a constitutional monarchy, separation of powers, and protection of peasant rights. The constitution was in effect for only 14 months before the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, but it became a lasting symbol of Polish national identity and democratic aspirations. Celebrations of May 3 were banned during the partitions, during the German and Soviet occupation in World War II, and again under the communist regime until 1990.

Constitution Day is one of the most patriotic holidays in Poland. Official ceremonies include laying wreaths at national monuments, military parades (particularly in Warsaw), and addresses by the President and government officials. The Polish flag is displayed on public buildings and many private homes. Schools organise educational programs about the significance of the constitution.

For many Poles, May 3 falls within the Majówka long weekend (between Labour Day on May 1 and the weekend). This makes it a popular time for travel and outdoor activities alongside the patriotic celebrations. Cities organise concerts, historical reenactments, and cultural events. The holiday is also observed in Lithuania, which was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth when the constitution was adopted.